The United States raised tariffs on 60 economies, tying the duties to their failure to enforce bans on forced-labor imports

The United States raised tariffs on goods from 60 economies on Friday. A presidential memorandum dated July 23 sets the new duties under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, and ties them to one finding: that each of the 60 has failed to impose and effectively enforce a prohibition on importing goods made with forced labor.

The rate splits in two. Seventeen economies that have committed to adopt and enforce such prohibitions face 10 percent, among them Canada, Mexico, India, Pakistan and the United Kingdom. The other 43 face 12.5 percent. For the European Union, Japan, Korea, Switzerland and Taiwan, the memorandum sets a rate calculated net of existing duties to reach the same 10 or 12.5 percent in total.

The new duties replace an across-the-board 10 percent tariff that lapses the same day. An annex exempts some goods, including raw materials with no domestic source and products whose tariffing would cause broad disruption. Tariff-rate quotas are to be in place by September 1.